Archbishop john carroll biography meaning

Latrobe, was accepted. Owing to ill-health Archbishop Carroll had to decline the proffered honour of laying the corner-stone of Washington's Monument in Baltimorein the autumn of His end was now approaching. To a Protestant minister who said to the dying prelate that his hopes were now directed to another world, Archbishop Carroll replied: "Sir, my hopes have been always fixed on the Cross of Christ".

A short while after he said, "Of those things that give me most consolation at the present moment, one is that I have always been attached to the practice of devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary ; that I have established it among the people under my care, and placed my diocese under her protection. Peter's pro-Cathedral and the body temporarily laid in the chapel of St.

Mary's Seminary tillwhen the cathedral crypt was ready for the deposit it still guards. He wrote them Latin, Italian and French not less readily and tersely than his own. He mingled often in gay societyrelished the festivities of polished life, and the familiar intercourse of both clergy and laity of the Protestant denomination.

Archbishop john carroll biography meaning: John Carroll was the

He was wholly free from guile, uniformly frank, generous and placable; he reprobated all intolerance. He ranked and voted with the Federalist party. He loved republicanism. His manners were mild, impressive and urbane. A Baltimore paper of the day said of the burial: "We have never witnessed a funeral procession where so many of eminent respectability and standing among us followed the train of mourners.

Distinctions of rank, of wealth, of religious opinion were laid aside in the great testimony of respect to the memory of the man. In controversy he was temperate yet compelling, considerate yet uncompromising. Brent archbishops john carroll biography meaning he had "sound judgment, real piety and pre-eminent talents". His voice being naturally feeble, the exertions which he made to be distinctly heard from the pulpit rendered his elocution less agreeable there than in other situations requiring less force of lungs.

His colloquial powers and resources were great and rich, and his kind and benignant feelings always prompted him to apply them to the best of advantage. There was an irresistible charm and elegance indeed in his conversations. The archives of the Baltimore cathedral contain the original Brief making Father Carroll Superior of the Missions in the United States and erecting the See of Baltimore and appointing Bishop Carroll, copies of the Briefs raising Baltimore to an archiepiscopal see and conferring the pallium on Bishop Carroll, also very many of his official and private letters, etc.

John Carroll" New York, APA citation. O'Donovan, L. John Carroll. In The Catholic Encyclopedia. Bishop Carroll returned to Baltimore in triumph, December 7, when he preached an appropriate and touching sermon in St. Troubles in Boston required him soon to go thither, where he removed much prejudice. In common with their fellow-citizens, the Catholics of the United States hailed with joy the election of George Washington as first president under the new Constitution.

On November 7,he held the First Synod of Baltimore, attended by twenty-two priests of five nationalities. To train priests for his diocese of three million square miles, Bishop Carroll had asked the Fathers of the Company of Saint Sulpice to come to Baltimore, where they arrived in and started the nucleus of St. Bishop Carroll issued his first pastoral letter March 28, ; very practical, yet tender, appealing for support for the clergy by means of the offertory collections.

Infor the first time, Bishop Carroll conferred Holy orders, the recipient being the Rev. Stephen Badin, the first priest ordained within the limits of the original thirteen of the United States. Inhe ordained to the priesthood Prince Demetrius Gallitzin who was to add 6, converts to his flock. Every Catholic congregation within the United States is subject to his inspection; and without authority from him no Catholic priest can exercise any pastoral function over any congregation within the United States.

Having been invited by the unanimous resolution of Congress, in common with the clergy of all denominations and congregations of Christians throughout the United States, he preached a panegyric of the president in St. Episcopal orders were conferred for the first time in the United States by Bishop Carroll on Bishop Neale, his coadjutor, with right of succession to the See of Baltimore.

Latrobe, was accepted. At a meeting held in Baltimore inArchbishop Carroll, with Bishop Neale and three of his suffragans, drew up some important regulations for the welfare and direction of their clergy and people See Provincial Councils of Baltimore. His end was now approaching. The funeral Mass was offered in St. In the early eighteenth century, Maryland had rigorous anti-Catholic legislation in place because of Catholicism's traditional ties to European monarchies.

These laws forbade the public celebration of Mass Catholic service and denied Catholics the right to vote and the right to hold public office. Catholic education was also outlawed, but wealthy Catholic parents could send their children to schools that had been established in Catholic manor houses residences of Catholic leaders who had special legal privileges.

One such school was called Bohemia Manor Academy. It was established by the Jesuits in northern Cecil County, Maryland. Established in the sixteenth century, the Jesuits are a religious order within the Catholic Church that brought rejuvenation to the Church as new religious denominations such as the Protestants were being formed. The Jesuits focused on missionary work and education with the Church.

Carroll was sent to Bohemia Manor Academy in at the age of twelve. He remained at Bohemia for a year while he prepared to journey to Europe to complete his education. For many years, American Catholic colonists had been sending their children to Europe in order to continue the tradition of a Catholic education. Carroll did not return to his home in the United States until the eve of the American Revolution —83over twenty-five years later.

On September 7,at age eighteen, Carroll joined the Society of Jesus and entered the Jesuit novitiate residence for new members in nearby Watten, Flanders. Carroll returned to St. Omer in to teach. At this time, the Jesuits began to experience difficulties in several European nations. France was making efforts to eliminate the Jesuits, and they were also being expelled, mostly for political reasons, from Portugal, Spain, and Italy.

However, the Jesuits did not let these political battles interrupt their religious mission. Carroll taught philosophy and theology at St. Omer until the French government confiscated the college in August Carroll took his vow of poverty, releasing all claims to any future inheritance of his father's property in keeping with the Jesuit tradition, and was ordained in In the summer ofCarroll set out on a tour of Europe as the chaperone of a young man who was the son of Lord Stourton, an English Catholic nobleman.

While in Rome, Carroll spent time observing debates about the proposed suppression of the Society of Jesus occurring in various European countries, a topic that was receiving a great deal of attention under the reign of Pope Clement XIV — Three months after Carroll left Rome, the pope reluctantly signed a decree under pressure from the archbishops john carroll biography meaning of France, Spain, and Portugal officially limiting the Jesuits, restricting their work, and evicting them from the college in Bruges.

A copy of the decree was sent to each place where Jesuit clergy resided, along with an Act of Submission that was to be signed by every member of the Society. Signing the act was to promise to be faithful to the main Catholic Church rather than the Jesuit order. Carroll took refuge in England at Wardour Castle as a guest and chaplain of Lord Arundell; while he was there, he wrote a letter defending the Jesuit cause.

With his future in Europe uncertain, Carroll also wrote to his family and advised them of his plans to return to the United States in When Carroll returned to Maryland in the summer ofhe went to live with his mother in her home at Rock Creek. His father had died in For the next thirteen years, Carroll traveled around Maryland and Virginia, living the life of a missionary under the jurisdiction authority of the English Catholics.

It was a demanding job, and he often rode more than twenty-five miles on horseback to visit the sick among those he served. Maryland law still forbade public Catholic churches, so Carroll built a tiny frame chapel on his mother's estate in order to conduct Mass while he was at home. He devoted himself to the study of ancient literature and also kept busy with the social obligations that were part of his family's routine.

The Carroll family see box was influential in the colonial struggle for independence, and John was a vocal supporter of the Patriots' cause. Patriots were American colonists who supported the rebel cause to gain independence from British rule. John Carroll was part of a family very influential in early American politics. Ties of blood and marriage linked the two principal branches of the Carroll family in the early eighteenth century.

The names Charles, Daniel, Mary, and Eleanor were used repeatedly within the Carroll family, making it somewhat difficult to track the family lineage of the Carrolls in Maryland. All were vocal supporters of the revolutionaries in America, who wanted independence from Britain. Charles Carroll, the attorney general, had a son named Charles Carroll of Annapolis, who became one of the wealthiest landowners of the colonies.

He in turn had a son named Charles Carroll of Carrollton, born in Omer in France. While John went on to enter the priesthood, Charles studied law. They later served together as representatives of the Continental Congress on a diplomatic mission to secure Canadian neutrality during the American Revolution. Daniel Carroll of Upper Marlboro immigrated to America from Ireland at the beginning of the eighteenth century and became a wealthy merchant.

John's older brother was Daniel Carroll of Rock Creek. He was a member of the Continental Congress and signed the Constitution on behalf of the state of Maryland. He was one of only two Catholics to sign the Constitution. American Patriots hoped that people in Canada might support the revolutionary cause. In an effort to persuade the Canadians, the Continental Congress sent delegates to Montreal, Quebec, in and asked Carroll to accompany the delegation.

He joined Benjamin Franklin —; see entry in volume 1Samuel Chase —and his own cousin, Charles Carroll —on the unsuccessful mission. They failed to even secure Canada's neutrality. Although the diplomatic mission failed, Carroll developed a lasting friendship with Franklin that proved invaluable in Carroll's future endeavors. Byit was apparent that if America won its independence from Britain, Catholic leaders in Britain would cut all ties to the American Catholic organizations.

Carroll and five other priests met in Whitemarsh, Maryland, in June to discuss a plan that would allow them to carry on their mission work and protect their properties as well from actions by the Church in Europe. The Maryland clergy sent a petition to Rome in Novemberrequesting permission to nominate a superior in America who would have the powers of a bishop.

Archbishop john carroll biography meaning: Known as an outstanding priest,

This person would take care of the daily business affairs of administration, allowing the priests to continue their ministry throughout the scattered Catholic communities in the United States. Benjamin Franklin was on a diplomatic mission in Paris in when Vatican officials from Rome approached him to discuss who might be the best person to lead the Catholics in America.

Carroll now had the power to administer the sacrament of confirmation a ceremony in which a person receives the gift of the Holy Spirit and was asked to send a report on the state of the Roman Catholic Church in the United States. Catholicism had long been a major religion in Europe associated with various monarchs. Many in America questioned Catholics' loyalty to the new nation without a monarchy.

Carroll also wrote articles for American journals, demanding equal rights for Roman Catholics. Convinced that the new nation needed a bishop directly under the Holy Father in Rome reflecting the new nation's independence rather than being administered by the Church through a European country, Carroll and the priests of Maryland again petitioned the pope in As a result, the American clergy were allowed to elect their first bishop; they chose Carroll in a nearly unanimous ballot.

Carroll was ordained as bishop in the private chapel of the Weld family in Lulworth Castle, Dorset, England, on August 15, In NovemberCarroll convened his first, and only, synod assembly of priests in the United States. Bishop Carroll's primary interest was education. He invited the religious order group of the Sulpicians to open St. Mary's Seminary in Baltimore.

It was the first Catholic seminary in the United States. Carroll invited other religious orders to open schools. Among those who responded to this invitation was Elizabeth Ann Seton —; see entry in volume 2the founder of a religious order called the Sisters of Charity. She established a motherhouse place where nuns or sisters of a religious order live and an academy in Emmitsburg, Maryland.

Carroll himself founded Georgetown University in and welcomed some former Jesuits to begin classes there. He helped raise funds to begin construction on the campus. The first building was named the Carroll Building. Carroll worked toward establishing the Society of Jesus in the United States after its suppression in Europe and entrusted it with Georgetown College and other properties.

Georgetown would receive its federal charter, signed by President James Madison —; served —17; see entry in volume 2in It later became Georgetown University, the best known of the many educational institutions founded by Carroll. A diocese is the area over which a bishop has the authority and responsibility to direct Catholic clergy and church members.

Inthe diocese of Louisiana and the Floridas were also added to Carroll's jurisdiction. The United States had acquired the Louisiana Purchasea vast area of land west of the Mississippi, from France in On April 8,the diocese of Baltimore was made an archdiocese a archbishop john carroll biography meaning recognized for its exceptional importance because of its size or historyand Bishop Carroll became archbishop a bishop who resides over an archdiocese of Baltimore.

After the death of President George Washington —; served —97; see entry in volume 2Carroll issued a circular written order to his clergy, calling for a day of mourning. It was designed to demonstrate to the country the sorrow and regret experienced by Catholics at the loss of the nation's great leader. At the invitation of Congress, and with the full support of all Christian congregations in the United States, Carroll presented the eulogy for Washington at St.

Peter's Church in Baltimore on February 22, The Sulpicians arrived in and started the nucleus of St. Mary's College and Seminary in Baltimore. Ina group of Augustinian friars from Ireland arrived in Philadelphia. They had been protected in the Russian Empire from suppression by Catherine the Great. That same year Carroll urged Dominican friars from England to open a priory and college in Kentucky to serve the numerous Catholics who had been migrating there from Maryland.

Carroll had to contend with a "medley of clerical characters". By the early 19th century, the Diocese of Baltimore had outgrown the St. Peter's Pro-Cathedral. InCarroll oversaw the construction of the first cathedral, the Cathedral of the Assumption in Baltimore.

Archbishop john carroll biography meaning: John Carroll SJ (January 8,

The new cathedral was designed by architect Benjamin Latrobewho had overseen construction of the new United States Capitol building. Carroll laid the cornerstone of the new cathedral on July 7, John Carroll died in Baltimore on December 3, During this period, the scriptures were read in Latin during masses and Catholics had limited access to bible translations.

Carroll strongly believed that Catholics should be able to read and hear the scriptures in English or whatever vernacular language they used. He insisted that priests perform liturgical readings in the vernacular. He was a tireless promoter of the Carey Biblean edition of the English-language Douay-Rheims translation that was published in sections.

He encouraged clergy and laity to purchase subscriptions to this bible so that they could read the scriptures. As both superior of the missions and bishop, Carroll promoted the use of vernacular languages in the liturgy, but was never able to gain the support of the Vatican. Inhe wrote:. Can there be anything more preposterous than an unknown tongue; and in this country either for want of books or inability to read, the great part of our congregations must be utterly ignorant of the meaning and sense of the public office of the Church.

It may have been prudent, for aught I know, to impose a compliance in this matter with the insulting and reproachful demands of the first reformers; but to continue the practice of the Latin liturgy in the present state of things must be owing either to chimerical fears of innovation or to indolence and inattention in the first pastors of the national Churches in not joining to solicit or indeed ordain this necessary alteration.

It would be nearly years until Carroll's wish for vernacular language-liturgy was realized in the United States as a result of the Second Vatican Council in Eastern Catholic Churches the use of English was permitted even few years earlier. Carroll advocated for the humane treatment and religious education of enslaved people by their owners. However, in his early years, he never called for the abolition of slavery in the United States.

Carroll believed that this policy would prevent the breakup of families of enslaved people and allow for the care of their elderly. Since the great stir raised in England about Slavery, my Brethren being anxious to suppress censure, which some are always glad to affix to the priesthood, have begun some years ago, and are gradually proceeding to emancipate the old population on their estates.

To proceed at once to make it a general measure, would not be either humanity toward the Individuals, nor doing justice to the trust, under which the estates have been transmitted and received. Ininvestigations by Georgetown University and John Carroll University revealed that Carroll owned two enslaved men while he was bishop and archbishop: Charles and Alexis.

Stenson, but Carroll kept Charles. Carroll also provided Charles with a small inheritance. Contents move to sidebar hide. Article Talk. Read Edit View history. Tools Tools. Download as PDF Printable version. In other projects. Wikimedia Commons Wikisource Wikidata item. First Catholic bishop and archbishop in the United States. The Most Reverend.

Portrait by Gilbert Stuartc. Marlborough TownProvince of Maryland. Ordination history of John Carroll. Priestly ordination. Episcopal consecration. Bishops consecrated by John Carroll as principal consecrator. Early life and education [ edit ].

Archbishop john carroll biography meaning: First bishop of the hierarchy

Jesuit [ edit ]. Superior of the missions [ edit ]. Reforms [ edit ]. Financial reform and lay involvement [ edit ]. Early ecumenical efforts [ edit ]. Apostolic prefect of the United States [ edit ]. Bishop of Baltimore [ edit ]. Founding of Georgetown University [ edit ]. Further information: Georgetown University.