Sahar daftary biography of mahatma gandhi

His approach combined the principles of nonviolence and passive resistance, emphasizing moral courage over physical aggression. Through these efforts, Gandhi not only fought for civil rights but also fostered a sense of unity among the Indian community, laying the groundwork for his later role as a leader in India's fight for freedom. Mahatma Gandhi, known for his leadership in India's non-violent struggle for independence against British rule, made significant contributions to civil rights both in India and South Africa.

His journey began when he encountered racial discrimination in South Africa, prompting him to develop the philosophy of Satyagraha, or "truth and firmness. Gandhi organized various campaigns, including the Natal Indian Congress, to address the injustices faced by Indians in South Africa. His experiences there laid the groundwork for his future leadership in India, where he galvanized mass movements against British policies.

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In India, Gandhi's strategy of civil disobedience gained momentum through numerous campaigns, including the Salt March inwhich protested against the British monopoly on salt and tax policies. This iconic march became a powerful symbol of resistance and drew international attention to India's plight. By promoting the principle of self-reliance, he encouraged Indians to produce their own goods and boycott British products.

Gandhi's ability to mobilize the masses around issues of injustice inspired widespread participation in the independence movement, making him a unifying figure and a catalyst for change, ultimately leading to India's independence in Gandhi's activism reached a pivotal moment in with the Salt March, a significant act of civil disobedience against British regulation in India.

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The British government imposed a heavy tax on salt, a staple in Indian diets, while prohibiting Indians from collecting their own salt. In response, Gandhi launched a mile march from Sabarmati to the Arabian Sea, which symbolized nonviolent resistance and galvanized the Indian populace. Beginning on March 12,Gandhi and his followers walked for 24 days, attracting attention and support along the way.

Upon reaching the coast, Gandhi publicly defied the law by collecting salt, marking a crucial step in the struggle for Indian independence. However, the country is partitioned into two separate nations: India and Pakistan. Gandhi returns to India after completing his studies in England and begins practicing law in Bombay now Mumbai.

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Gandhi returns to India and joins the Indian National Congress, a political party fighting for Indian independence from British rule. The agreement, however, largely kept the Salt Acts intact. But it did give those who lived on the coasts the right to harvest salt from the sea. Hoping that the agreement would be a stepping-stone to home rule, Gandhi attended the London Round Table Conference on Indian constitutional reform in August as the sole representative of the Indian National Congress.

The conference, however, proved fruitless. The public outcry forced the British to amend the proposal. With his health failing, Gandhi was released after a month detainment in Gandhi played an active role in the negotiations, but he could not prevail in his hope for a unified India. Instead, the final plan called for the partition of the subcontinent along religious lines into two independent states—predominantly Hindu India and predominantly Muslim Pakistan.

Violence between Hindus and Muslims flared even before independence took effect on August 15, Afterwards, the killings multiplied. Gandhi toured riot-torn areas in an appeal for peace and fasted in an attempt to end the bloodshed. Some Hindus, however, increasingly viewed Gandhi as a traitor for expressing sympathy toward Muslims. InGandhi endured the passing of his father and shortly after that the death of his young baby.

A second son was born in India Kasturba gave birth to two more sons while living in South Africa, one in and one in Godse knelt before the Mahatma before pulling out a semiautomatic pistol and shooting him three times at point-blank range.

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The violent act took the life of a pacifist who spent his life preaching nonviolence. Godse and a co-conspirator were executed by hanging in November Additional conspirators were sentenced to life in prison. Satyagraha remains one of the most potent philosophies in freedom struggles throughout the world today. Martin Luther King. Winston Churchill.

Inhe was thrown off a train at the railway station in Pietermaritzburg after a white man complained about Gandhi travelling in first class. This experience was a pivotal moment for Gandhi and he began to represent other Indias who experienced discrimination. As a lawyer he was in high demand and soon he became the unofficial leader for Indians in South Africa.

It was in South Africa that Gandhi first experimented with campaigns of civil disobedience and protest; he called his non-violent protests satyagraha. Despite being imprisoned for short periods of time, he also supported the British under certain conditions. During the Boer war, he served as a medic and stretcher-bearer. He felt that by doing his patriotic duty it would make the government more amenable to demands for fair treatment.

Gandhi was at the Battle of Spion serving as a medic. An interesting historical anecdote, is that at this battle was also Winston Churchill and Louis Botha future head of South Africa He was decorated by the British for his efforts during the Boer War and Zulu rebellion. After 21 years in South Africa, Gandhi returned to India in He became the leader of the Indian nationalist movement campaigning for home rule or Swaraj.

Gandhi successfully instigated a series of non-violent protest. This included national strikes for one or two days. The British sought to ban opposition, but the nature of non-violent protest and strikes made it difficult to counter. Gandhi also encouraged his followers to practise inner discipline to get ready for independence. Gandhi said the Indians had to prove they were deserving of independence.

This is in contrast to independence leaders such as Aurobindo Ghosewho argued that Indian independence was not about whether India would offer better or worse government, but that it was the right for India to have self-government. Gandhi also clashed with others in the Indian independence movement such as Subhas Chandra Bose who advocated direct action to overthrow the British.

Gandhi frequently called off strikes and non-violent protest if he heard people were rioting or violence was involved. InGandhi led a famous march to the sea in protest at the new Salt Acts. In the sea, they made their own salt, in violation of British regulations. Many hundreds were arrested and Indian jails were full of Indian independence followers.