Tunisia biography

In boxingVictor Perez "Young" was world champion in the flyweight weight class in and InTunisia participated for the seventh time in its history in the Summer Paralympic Games. Their national team finished the competition with 19 medals; 9 golds, 5 silvers and 5 bronzes. Tunisia was classified 14th on the Paralympics medal table and 5th in Athletics.

Throughout the years toTennis saw a spike of popularity in Tunisia and other Arabic countries as tennis player Ons Jabeur rapidly moved up the rankings reaching a career high ranking of number 3, and making 3 grand slam finals, including 2 at Wimbledon. Contents move to sidebar hide. Article Talk. Read View source View history. Tools Tools.

Download as PDF Printable version. In other projects. Country in North Africa. Location of Tunisia in North Africa. French [ 3 ]. Main article: History of Tunisia. Main articles: Capsian culture and Ancient Carthage. Main article: History of medieval Tunisia. Main article: Ottoman Tunisia. French Protectorate of Tunisia — Main article: French protectorate of Tunisia.

Struggle for independence — Post-independence — Main article: History of modern Tunisia. Post-revolution since See also: Tunisian Revolution. Presidency of Kais Saied —present. Main article: Geography of Tunisia. Main article: Politics of Tunisia. Main article: Foreign relations of Tunisia. Main article: Tunisian Armed Forces. Mediterranean sea.

Sidi Bouzid. Ben Arous. Main article: Economy of Tunisia. Main article: Tourism in Tunisia. Main article: Energy in Tunisia. Main article: Transport in Tunisia. Water supply and sanitation. Main article: Water supply and sanitation in Tunisia. Main articles: Tunisians and Demographics of Tunisia. Largest cities tunisia biography towns in Tunisia According to the Census [ ].

Main article: Languages of Tunisia. Main article: Religion in Tunisia. Main article: Education in Tunisia. Main article: Health in Tunisia. Main article: Culture of Tunisia. Main article: Tunisian literature. Main article: Music of Tunisia. Main article: List of festivals in Tunisia. Main article: Media of Tunisia. Main article: Sport in Tunisia.

The native Arabic official name translates more closely to "Tunisian Republic", as does the commonly used French translation, but the less-exact English translation "Republic of Tunisia" is used in English even by the Tunisian government for official purposes e. A French protectorate in North Africa. A French protectorate in North Africa Archived from the original PDF on 9 February Retrieved 10 February Translation by the University of Bern: "Tunisia is a free State, independent and sovereign; its religion is the Islam, its language is Arabic, and its form is the Republic.

Ethnologue 19 February Retrieved on 5 September Young adults around the world are less religious by several measures". Tunisia biography Institute of Statistics-Tunisia. Archived from the original on 28 November Retrieved 2 March Tunisia ". International Monetary Fund.

Tunisia biography: Throughout Tunisia's history many

Retrieved 14 October World Bank. Retrieved 19 January United Nations Development Programme. Retrieved 9 May Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers. Archived from the original on 31 May Retrieved 8 November Embassy of the Republic of Tunisia. Retrieved 30 September Oxford University Press. ISBN Jeune Afrique in French. BBC News. The Economist.

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Historic Cities of the Islamic World. Archived from the original on 22 April Retrieved 2 May A History of Islamic Societies. Tunisia 3 ed. Lonely Planet. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt.

Tunisia biography: It was a French

International encyclopaedia of islamic dynasties. Adu; Hrbek, I. General history of Africa. James Currey Publishers. Archived from the original on 27 May Africa from the Seventh to the Eleventh Century. ISSN Edinburgh University Press. Barbary Corsairs: The End of a Legend, — University of California Press. The Sahara: A Cultural History.

Through fascism tunisia biography world power: a history of the revolution in Italy. Afrikakorps — Zenith Imprint. Middle East Journal. JSTOR Oriente Moderno. The American Jewish Year Book. Retrieved 5 April Retrieved 19 March The Guardian. The New York Times. ProQuest BBC News obituary. Retrieved 20 July Archived from the original on 16 July Mediterranean Politics.

S2CID Archived from the original on 8 October Foreign Policy. Archived from the original on 3 March Le Monde in French. Archived from the original on 21 January Amnesty International. Archived from the original on 9 May Archived from the original on 29 April Archived from the original on 5 May Archived from the original on 14 January Al Jazeera English.

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Tunisia biography: At the beginning of

OCLC Korea Times. President: Kais Saied. There were no campaign rallies or public debates, and nearly all the campaign posters in the streets were backing the president. Five political parties had urged Tunisians to boycott the elections in the belief that they would not be free or fair. Saied was originally elected in on an anti-corruption platform, with a direct appeal to young voters - but following his election, inhe carried out a series of measures enhancing the power of the presidency at the expense of parliament and the judiciary.

Opposition parties boycotted the parliamentary elections, accusing the president of staging a coup after shutting parliament in and giving himself almost unlimited executive powers. Social media played a key role in the mass protests which toppled the government in Since President Saied's seizure of extraordinary powers injournalists have faced increasing pressure and intimidation from government officials, says US-based NGO Freedom House.

This includes criminal penalties for defamation and other alleged offenses. Read full media profile. Habib Bourguiba led Tunisia from tunisia biography in until he was sidelined in The first United States military action overseas, executed by the United States Marines and Navy, was the storming of Darnis, Tripoli, inin an effort to bolster diplomatic efforts in securing both the freedom of American prisoners and putting an end to piracy on the part of the Barbary state.

As the eighteenth century progressed, the power of the piratical states diminished. The United States and the European powers took advantage of this decline to launch more attacks against the pirate states. American opposition resulted in the Tripolitan War. Finally, inpiracy came to an end. On May 12,Tunisia, was made a French protectorate and in gained its independence.

Tunisia biography: Following the decline of

Apart from Morocco, they were nominally part of the Ottoman Empire. The Tunisian state was rebuilt by the imposition of Ottoman Empire rule in the late sixteenth century. The Ottomans made Tunisia a province of their empire inand garrisoned Tunis with 4, Janissaries recruited from Anatoliareinforced by Christian converts to Islam from ItalySpainand Provence.

In the local Janissary officers replaced the Sultan's appointee with one of their own men, called the Dey. The struggle for power made allies of the Dey, the Janissaries and Bedouin tribes, fight against the Beys, in towns, and fertile regions of the countryside. The Muradid Beys eventually triumphed, and ruled untilwhen Hussein ibn Ali of Tunisia came to power.

The period from to witnessed the reign of the Husseinite Beys, including the highly effective Hammouda — In theory, Tunisia continued to be a vassal of the Ottoman empire—the Friday prayer was pronounced in the name of the Ottoman Sultan, money was coined in his honor, and an annual ambassador brought gifts to Istanbul —but the Ottomans never again exacted obedience.

In the nineteenth century, Tunisia became mostly autonomous, although officially still an Ottoman province. InTunisia enacted the first constitution in the Arab world, but a move toward a republic was hampered by the poor economy and political unrest. InTunisia declared itself bankrupt, and an international financial commission with representatives from France, United Kingdom, and Italy took control over the economy.

In the spring ofFrance invaded Tunisia, claiming that Tunisian troops had crossed the border to AlgeriaFrance's tunisia biography colony in Northern Africa. Italyalso interested in Tunisia, protested, but did not risk a war with France. On May 12 of that year, Tunisia was officially made a French protectorate. The French progressively assumed the most responsible administrative positions, and by they supervised all Tunisian government bureaus dealing with finance, post, education, telegraph, public works and agriculture.

They abolished the international finance commission and guaranteed the Tunisian debt, establishing a new judicial system for Europeans while keeping the sharia courts available for cases involving Tunisians, and developed roads, ports, railroads, and mines. In rural areas they strengthened the local officials qa'ids and weakened independent tribes.

They actively encouraged French settlements in the country—the number of French colonists grew from 34, in tobyand the French occupied approximately one-fifth of the cultivable land. Nationalist sentiment increased after World War I and the nationalist Destour Party was set up in Its successor the Neo-Destour Party, established in and led by Habib Bourguiba focused on modernization under the tutelage of intellectuals, the corporateness of society, and the ability of the party to represent a more socialistic society.

The transformation was to be guided by rationality and by use of the most modern technologies available. The administrative elite, through the bureaucracy and the new party, sought to guide the transformation in a hands-on controlling manner. It was banned by the French. After losing a string of battles to Bernard Law Montgomery, 1st Viscount, inand then hearing of the landings during Operation Torch, Erwin Rommel retreated to Tunisia and set up strong defensive positions in the mountains to the south.

Overwhelming British superiority eventually broke these lines, although he did have some success against the "green" United States troops advancing from the west. The fighting ended in earlyand Tunisia became a base for operations for the invasion of Sicily later that year. Violent resistance to French rule boiled up in In Habib Bourguiba became Prime Minister, immediately abolishing the monarchy, and establishing a strict state under the Neo-Destour New Constitution party.

He dominated the country for 31 years, repressing Islamic fundamentalism and establishing rights for women unmatched by any other Arab nation. Ending the old quasi-monarchical institution of the dey, Bourguiba envisioned a Tunisian republic which was secular, populist, and imbued with a kind of French rationalist vision of the state that was Napoleonic in spirit.

Socialism was not initially part of the project, but redistributive policies were. Inhowever, Tunisia entered a short lived socialist era. The Neo-Destour party became the Socialist Destour, and the new minister of planning, Ahmed Ben Salah, formulated a state-led plan for the formation of agricultural cooperatives and public-sector industrialization.

The socialist experiment raised considerable opposition within Bourguiba's old coalition, which forced its end in the early s. InBen Ali tried a new tack with reference to the government and Islam, by attempting to reaffirm the country's Islamic identity by releasing tunisia biography Islamists activists from prison. He also forged a national pact with the Tunisian party Harakat al-Ittijah al-Islami Islamic Tendency Movement, founded inwhich changed its name to an-Nahda the Renaissance Party.

An-Nahda ran strongly in the elections, causing Ben Ali to quickly ban Islamist political parties and jail tunisia biography many as 8, activists. To the present, the government continues its refusal to recognize Muslim opposition parties, and governs the country by military and police repression. The Tunisian revolution ofa series of mass demonstrations and riots throughout Tunisia in protest of social and political issues in the country, led President Zine El Abidine Ben Ali to step down on January 14,after 23 years in power.

The protests inspired similar actions throughout the Arab world: The Egyptian revolution began after the events in Tunisia and also led to the ousting of Egypt's longtime president Hosni Mubarak; furthermore, protests have also taken place in AlgeriaYemenJordanBahrainIraqMauritaniaPakistan and also Libya — where a full-scale rebellion ended Moammar Gaddafi's reign of over 40 years.

Tunisia is a constitutional republic, with a president serving as head of state, prime minister as head of government, a unicameral parliament and a civil law court system. Until the ouster of President Zine El Abidine Ben Ali inTunisia had a strong presidential system dominated by a single political party. Ben Ali took office in when he deposed Habib Bourguiba, who had been President since Tunisia's independence from France in The President was elected to 5-year terms—with virtually no opposition—and appointed a Prime Minister and cabinet, who played a strong role in the execution of policy.

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Find more about Tunisia at Wikipedia's sister projects. Government [ change change source ]. News [ change change source ]. Overviews [ change change source ]. Other [ change change source ]. Countries and territories of Africa. Territories and dependencies. States with limited recognition.